General Principles Of Pharmacology/Measurement of effect
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An effect can be any physiological response (or inhibition) produced by a drug. That is, anything that happens after the binding of the drug. Examples of effects are:
•Molecular responses: This includes such effects as the modulation of an enzyme activity (e.g., adrenergic activation of adenylate cyclase) or the movement of ions across the plasma membrane (e.g., opening of the ion channel of the acetylcholine receptor upon binding of acetylcholine).
•Cellular responses: This might include the modulation of secretion of hormone or neurotransmitter (e.g., botulinum toxin effects on the release of acetylcholine) or the modulation of cell motility.
•Organ responses: This would include responses such as smooth or skeletal muscle contraction upon the application of a drug (e.g., skeletal muscle contraction induced by acetylcholine).
•Whole animal responses: This would include measurements of behavior or possibly the measurement of the lethal dose of a drug.
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