Granulation
From Pharmpedia
Granulation is the process of creating granules . This is a unit operation by which
small powdery particles are agglomerated into larger entities called granules.
The powder morphology is modified through the use of either a liquid that causes particles
to bind through capillary forces or dry compaction forces. The process will result in one or
more of the following powder properties: enhanced flow; increased compressibility;
densification; alteration of physical appearance to more spherical, uniform, or larger
particles; and/or enhanced hydrophilic surface properties.
Contents |
Types of granulations
===Dry Granulation -- HIMANSHU NAGAYN
Dry powder densification and/or agglomeration by direct physical compaction.
Wet High-Shear Granulation
Powder densification and/or agglomeration by the incorporation of a granulation fluid into the powder with high-power-per-unit mass, through rotating high-shear forces.
Wet Low-Shear Granulation
Powder densification and/or agglomeration by the incorporation of a granulation fluid into the powder with low-power-per-unit mass, through rotating low-shear forces.
Low-Shear Tumble Granulation
Powder densification and/or agglomeration by the incorporation of a granulation fluid into the powder with low-power-per-unit mass, through rotation of the container vessel and/or intensifier bar.
Extrusion Granulation
Plasticization of solids or wetted mass of solids and granulation fluid with linear shear through a sized orifice using a pressure gradient.
Rotary Granulation
Spheronization, agglomeration, and/or densification of a wetted or non-wetted powder or extruded material. This is accomplished by centrifugal or rotational forces from a central rotating disk, rotating walls, or both. The process may include the incorporation and/or drying of a granulation fluid.
Fluid Bed Granulation
Powder densification and/or agglomeration with little or no shear by direct granulation fluid atomization and impingement on solids, while suspended by a controlled gas stream, with simultaneous drying.
Spray Dry Granulation
A pumpable granulating liquid containing solids (in solution or suspension) is atomized in a drying chamber and rapidly dried by a controlled gas stream, producing a dry powder.
Types of Granulators
Dry Granulator
Dry granulator subclasses primarily are distinguished by the densification force application mechanism.
Slugging
Roller Compaction
Wet High-Shear Granulator
Wet high-shear granulator subclasses primarily are distinguished by the geometric positioning of the primary impellers; impellers can be top, bottom, or side driven.
Vertical (Top or Bottom Driven)
Horizontal (Side Driven)
Wet Low-Shear Granulator
Wet low-shear granulator subclasses primarily are distinguished by the geometry and design of the shear inducing components; shear can be induced by rotating impeller, reciprocal kneading action, or convection screw action.
Planetary
Kneading
Screw
Low-Shear Tumble Granulator
Although low-shear tumble granulators may differ from one another in vessel geometry and type of dispersion or intensifier bar, no low-shear tumble granulator subclasses have been identified.
Extrusion Granulator
Extrusion granulator subclasses primarily are distinguished by the orientation of extrusion surfaces and driving pressure production mechanism.
- Radial or Basket
- Axial
- Ram
- Roller, Gear, or Pelletizer
Rotary Granulator
Rotary granulator subclasses primarily are distinguished by their structural architecture. They have either open top architecture, such as a vertical centrifugal spheronizer, or closed top architecture, such as a closed top fluid bed dryer.
Open
Closed
Fluid Bed Granulator
Spray Dry Granulator
References
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/1721fnl.pdf
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