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Oral tablets for ingestion:Multiple compressed tablets

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Previous Page: Standard compressed tablets

The tablets in this category are prepared for two reasons: to separate physically or chemically incompatible ingredients and to produce repeat action/ prolonged action tablet.

The tablet manufacturing machine is generally operated at relatively lower speed than for standard compression tablet. There are three categories under this class:

I.Layered tablets – two to three component system.

II.Compression coated tablets – tablet within a tablet.

III.Inlay tablet – coat partially surrounding the core.

The layered tablet is preferred over compression coated tablet as the surface contact is less and the production is simple and more rapid.

I.Multilayered tablets

When two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients are needed to be administered simultaneously and they are incompatible, the best option for the formulation pharmacist would be to formulate multilayered tablet. It consists of several different granulations that are compressed to form a single tablet composed of two or more layers and usually each layer is of different colour to produce a distinctive looking tablet. Each layer is fed from separate feed frame with individual weight control. Dust extraction is essential during compression to avoid contamination. Therefore, each layer undergoes light compression as each component is laid down. This avoids granules intermixing if the machine vibrates.

For example, admixture containing Phenylephedrin HCL and Ascorbic Acid with Paracetamol.

Paracetamol + phenylephedrine Hydrochloride → one layer

Paracetamol + ascorbic acid → another layer.

FIGURE.2. MULTILAYERED TABLET

II. Compression coated tablets

This type of tablet has two parts, internal core and surrounding coat. The core is small porous tablet and prepared on one turret. For preparing final tablet, a bigger die cavity in another turret is used in which first the coat material is filled to half and then core tablet is mechanically transferred, again the remaining space is filled with coat material and finally compression force is applied. This tablet readily lend itself in to a repeat action tablet as the outer layer provides the initial dose while the inner core release the drug later on. But, when the core quickly releases the drug, entirely different blood level is achieved with the risk of over dose toxicity. To avoid immediate release of both the layers, the core tablet is coated with enteric polymer so that it will not release the drug in stomach while, the first dose is added in outer sugar coating. Even so, coating operation requires interpretation while manufacturing and dawdling the manufacturing process. Sometimes, inner core may be of liquid formulation to provide immediate release of core after the coat gets dissolved.

FIGURE.3. COMPRESSION COATED TABLET

III. Inlay tablets⁽⁴⁾

A type of layered tablet in which instead the core tablet being completely surrounded by coating, top surface is completely exposed. While preparation, only the bottom of the die cavity is filled with coating material and core is placed upon it. When compression force is applied, some coating material is displaced to form the sides and compress the whole tablet. It has some advantages over compression coated tablets:

i) Less coating material is required.

ii) Core is visible, so coreless tablets can be easily detected.

iii) Reduction in coating forms a thinner tablet and thus freedom from capping of top coating.

FIGURE.4. INLAY TABLETS

Next Page: Modified release tablet
Previous Page: Standard compressed tablets

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