Tablet:Types of tablets
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With advancement in technology and increase in awareness towards modification in standard tablet to achieve better acceptability as well as bioavailability, newer and more efficient tablet dosage forms are being developed. The main reasons behind formulation of different types of tablets are to create a delivery system that is relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture, provide the dosage form that is convenient from patient’s perspective and utilize an approach that is unlikely to add complexity during regulatory approval process. To understand each dosage form, tablets here are classified by their route of administration and by the type of drug delivery system they represent within that route.
TABLE.1. VARIOUS TYPES OF TABLETS
| 1.4.1 | ORAL TABLETS FOR INGESTION(1-3) These tablets are meant to be swallowed intact along with a sufficient quantity of potable water. Exception is chewable tablet. Over 90% of the tablets manufactured today are ingested orally. This shows that this class of formulation is the most popular world wide and the major attention of the researcher is towards this direction. |
1.4.1.1 Standard compressed tablets 1.4.1.2 Multiple compressed tablets II. Layered tablet III. Inlay tablet 1.4.1.3 Modified Release tablet 1.4.1.4 Delayed action tablet 1.4.1.5 Targeted tablet 1.4.1.6 Chewable tablet 1.4.1.7 Dispersible tablet |
| 1.4.2 | TABLETS USED IN THE ORAL CAVITY
The tablets under this group are aimed release API in oral cavity or to provide local action in this region. The tablets under this category avoids first-pass metabolism, decomposition in gastric environment, nauseatic sensations and gives rapid onset of action. The tablets formulated for this region are designed to fit in proper region of oral cavity. |
1.4.2.1 Lozenges and troches 1.4.2.2 Sublingual tablet 1.4.2.3 Buccal tablet 1.4.2.4 Dental cones 1.4.2.5 Mouth dissolved tablet |
| 1.4.3 | TABLETS ADMINISTERED BY OTHER ROUTES These tablets are administered by other route except for the oral cavity and so the drugs are avoided from passing through gastro intestinal tract. These tablets may be inserted into other body cavities or directly placed below the skin to be absorbed into systemic circulation from the site of application. |
1.4.3.1 Vaginal tablet 1.4.3.2 Implants |
| 1.4.4 | TABLETS USED TO PREPARE SOLUTION The tablets under this category are required to be dissolved first in water or other solvents before administration or application. This solution may be for ingestion or parenteral application or for topical use depending upon type of medicament used. |
1.4.4.1 Effervescent tablet 1.4.4.2 Hypodermic tablet 1.4.4.3 Soluble tablet |
Key Phrases
- When two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients are needed to be administered simultaneously and they are incompatible, the best option for the formulation pharmacist would be to formulate multilayered tablet.
- When we need to release the medicament slowly for long time duration after administration of a single tablet we go for modified release formulation.
- When we need to release the API at a specific site in the elementary tract, targeted drug delivery is a preferred option.
- Dispersible tablets disintegrate either rapidly in water, to form a stabilized suspension, or disperse instantaneously in the mouth to be swallowed without the aid of water
- Sublingual tablet is designed to dissolve in small quantity of saliva and used when immediate action within few minutes is desired.
- Buccal tablet is most often used when replacement hormonal therapy is to be administered.
- Implants are inserted into subcutaneous tissue by surgical procedures where they are very slowly absorbed over a period of a month or a year.
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